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Q.1
WBCS Prelims 2009
During Vietnam War 2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2, 4, 5-T), the so-called Agent Orange was sprayed on forests to
A. Destroy Crops
B. Pollute Air
C. Remove leaves and reveal enemy hiding places
D. Start forest fire
Explanation
Why Correct: Agent Orange, a synthetic auxin herbicide, was used as a defoliant to remove leaves from forests and jungles, exposing enemy hiding places and supply routes during the Vietnam War.
Distractor Analysis: Destroy Crops describes the primary use of herbicides in agricultural warfare, which Agent Orange was also used for but not its main forest application. Pollute Air refers to environmental contamination from dioxins in Agent Orange, which was a harmful side effect. Start forest fire describes incendiary weapons like napalm, not the defoliant mechanism of Agent Orange.
Takeaway: Agent Orange contained dioxin impurities that caused severe health issues like cancer and birth defects, leading to its ban under the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention.
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Q.2
WBCS Prelims 2008
Following pairs that is incorrectly matched is
A. Beck-cognitive therapy
B. Adler-individual therapy
C. Freud-psychoanalysis
D. Bowlby-behaviour therapy
Explanation
Why Correct: John Bowlby pioneered attachment theory, which examines infant-caregiver bonds and their lifelong psychological effects, distinct from behavior therapy's focus on observable behaviors and conditioning.
Distractor Analysis: Aaron Beck developed cognitive therapy to modify dysfunctional thinking patterns in depression. Alfred Adler founded individual psychology, emphasizing social context and striving for superiority. Sigmund Freud created psychoanalysis, exploring unconscious conflicts and psychosexual development.
Takeaway: Attachment theory identifies secure, anxious-ambivalent, avoidant, and disorganized attachment styles based on Bowlby's work with Mary Ainsworth.
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