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Unemployment
2 questions
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Q.1
WBCS prelims 2020
Unemployment in India is concentrated in
A. Organized Sector
B. Unorganized Sector
C. Both Organised and Unorganized Sectors
D. Foreign Trade Sector
Explanation
Why Correct: The unorganized sector accounts for over 90% of India's workforce and bears the brunt of unemployment, underemployment, and low earnings due to lack of job security, social protection, and formal contracts.
Distractor Analysis: The organized sector employs only about 10% of the workforce and has relatively low unemployment due to job security. Both sectors overstated: the organized sector does not have high unemployment concentration. Foreign Trade Sector is a minuscule part of employment.
Takeaway: India's unemployment is primarily structural and concentrated in the informal economy, where most workers are in agriculture, construction, and small-scale services. The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) provides detailed data on this.
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Q.2
WBCS prelims 2014
If withdrawal of a worker from employment does not create any output loss, this situation is known as
A. Search unemployment
B. Voluntary unemployment
C. Disguised unemployment
D. Frictional unemployment
Explanation
Why Correct: Disguised unemployment occurs when more workers are employed than needed, so removing some does not reduce total output. This is common in agriculture and informal sectors.
Distractor Analysis: Search unemployment is the time spent looking for a new job. Voluntary unemployment is when a worker chooses not to work at the prevailing wage. Frictional unemployment is temporary between jobs or transitions.
Takeaway: Disguised unemployment is characterized by zero marginal productivity of labor. It is also called hidden unemployment.
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