Why Correct: Article 124(1) of the Constitution explicitly states that Parliament may by law determine the number of judges in the Supreme Court, beyond the Chief Justice and seven other judges.
Distractor Analysis: The President appoints Supreme Court judges but does not have the power to determine their number. The Chief Justice of India provides recommendations for judicial appointments but lacks constitutional authority to increase judge numbers. The Law Commission is an advisory body that recommends legal reforms but holds no legislative power.
Takeaway: The Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Act, 1956 originally fixed the maximum number of judges at 10 (excluding the Chief Justice), which Parliament has amended several times, most recently to 34 in 2019.

Why Correct: Article 124(2) of the Constitution sets the retirement age for Supreme Court judges at 65 years.
Distractor Analysis: 70 years is the retirement age for the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG). 62 years was the retirement age for Supreme Court judges under the original Constitution before being amended to 65. 60 years is the retirement age for High Court judges in most states.
Takeaway: High Court judges retire at 62 years (Article 217), while the Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners serve for 6 years or until age 65, whichever is earlier.

Why Correct: Article 147 grants the Supreme Court exclusive jurisdiction over constitutional interpretation, making its rulings binding on all other authorities under Article 141.
Distractor Analysis: The Central Cabinet executes policies but cannot override judicial constitutional interpretation. The President acts as constitutional head but lacks interpretive authority. Parliament legislates within constitutional boundaries but cannot provide final interpretation.
Takeaway: The Supreme Court's power of judicial review under Article 13 allows it to strike down laws inconsistent with the Constitution, reinforcing its role as ultimate constitutional interpreter.

Why Correct: Article 147 explicitly grants the Supreme Court exclusive jurisdiction over constitutional interpretation, establishing judicial supremacy in constitutional matters.
Distractor Analysis: The President executes constitutional provisions but cannot interpret them. Parliament enacts laws but cannot provide authoritative constitutional interpretation. Lok Sabha is one house of Parliament with no independent interpretive authority.
Takeaway: The Supreme Court's power of judicial review under Article 13 complements its interpretive authority, allowing it to strike down laws inconsistent with the Constitution.

Why Correct: Article 124(2) of the Constitution specifies that the President appoints the Chief Justice of India after consultation with such judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts as the President deems necessary.
Distractor Analysis: The President alone cannot appoint the Chief Justice without consultation. The Prime Minister has no formal role in judicial appointments under the Constitution. The Law Commission is an advisory body with no constitutional role in judicial appointments.
Takeaway: The Supreme Court collegium (Chief Justice plus four senior-most judges) makes binding recommendations for Supreme Court appointments, including the Chief Justice, under the current judicial appointments system established through Supreme Court judgments.

Why Correct: The Indian Constitution establishes judicial independence through Articles 124 and 214, ensuring separation of powers where courts function without legislative or executive interference.
Distractor Analysis: Parliament cannot control the judiciary, as that would violate the basic structure doctrine. State legislatures similarly lack authority over High Courts, whose judges are appointed through a collegium system. 'None of the above' is incorrect because judicial independence is a constitutional reality.
Takeaway: Judicial independence is protected by security of tenure, fixed salaries, and the power of judicial review, making it a key feature of Indian democracy.

Why Correct: Article 124(2) of the Indian Constitution sets the retirement age for Supreme Court judges at 65 years.
Distractor Analysis: 58 years is the retirement age for district judges in some states. 60 years is the retirement age for High Court judges. There is no upper age limit applies to the President, Vice-President, and Governors, not Supreme Court judges.
Takeaway: High Court judges retire at 62 years, while the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) retires at 65 years or six-year term, whichever is earlier.

Why Correct: The Supreme Court currently has a sanctioned strength of 34 judges including the Chief Justice, established by the Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Act, 1956 as amended in 2019.
Distractor Analysis: 11 judges was the original strength when the Court was established in 1950. 9 judges was the strength during the 1960s. 7 judges was the strength during the early 1950s.
Takeaway: The President appoints Supreme Court judges after consultation with the Chief Justice and other senior judges, with appointments requiring a collegium recommendation.

Why Correct: The Supreme Court exercises judicial review under Article 141, making its interpretations binding on all courts and authorities throughout India.
Distractor Analysis: Parliament can amend the Constitution but cannot give authoritative interpretations. The President is the constitutional head who acts on ministerial advice. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha presides over parliamentary proceedings but has no constitutional interpretation power.
Takeaway: The Supreme Court's power of judicial review extends to examining the constitutional validity of laws, executive actions, and constitutional amendments.

Why Correct: Article 124(2) of the Constitution sets the retirement age for Supreme Court judges at 65 years.
Distractor Analysis: 55 years was the retirement age for High Court judges before constitutional amendments. 58 years is not a constitutional retirement age for any higher judiciary position. 60 years is the retirement age for High Court judges under Article 217(1).
Takeaway: High Court judges retire at 62 years, while the President serves until 75 years and the Vice President has no age limit.